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Download Free Essays Online On Studentshare In sum, the scholar essay falls into the same style as the essays we ourselves write. Every order gets assigned to a subject-related author. Our Quality Control Department makes certain we ship only good papers with out plagiarism and writing mistakes. But this doesn't imply that they do not have clients elsewhere, but we are supposed to understand that there are just fragments of non-UK shoppers scattered all over the world. Secondly, utilizing a professionally written mannequin essay as inspiration in your personal writing could be extraordinarily useful. Remember, you possibly can't submit a model essay and attempt to cross it off as your personal. But you can study from it, taking note of the language used, the way in which sentences and the argument are crafted, and the way the essay flows . You additionally mustn't write your paper in your first language and run it via translation software (e.g. Google Translate). Whether you need a dissertation, thesis, analysis, or essay task information, you will get a top-notch example at no cost on our website. We give you samples of free essays to make use of as inspiration in your personal. That is why we hired a group of skilled, who examine and proofread each uploaded doc. Also, there is a brief preview out there for every doc, thus you can verify the standard of the text and the performed analysis. Still, if you are not satisfied with the quality of a downloaded paper, you can always download more or request our assist to carry out a search for you under your requirements. This is as a result of the words that you are obtaining from the translation software program program are not technically your phrases. In addition to the truth that you should not do this, it also is not an excellent strategy from sensible functions. Without any hidden fees or additional charges, each UK student ought to be capable of afford a finely-written essay. Use our service to order superb customized essays fast and cheap. With the assistance of an essay writer UK, you'll be able to concentrate on areas of examine in which you need to improve. Should that not work for you, you'll be able to always apply for a refund. The secret to writing a great essay is to see the process of writing not as boring and tedious homework, however as a means to express your self and be heard by different folks. Everyone has a story, and an essay may help you tell it in an engaging and persuasive manner. As for the technicalities, they can be coped with by way of apply, one step at a time. As instructors, we also have to give up some management over our assignments. For a really pupil-centered course of to work, we are able to’t ask main questions or make selections for our college students. In any case, the essay ends somewhere different from the place it started. The reader has realized something, exactly because the writer has. We provide our shoppers with a refund coverage, which the customer can avail in the event that they really feel dissatisfied with the work produced by our essay author. According to our responders, Essayfactory is claimed to be one of the best Essay Writing Sites for UK and Australian residents. This we perceive is as a result of most of their writers and purchasers are English. So the shoppers at all times choose their jobs accomplished utilizing UK English. When it might be fun to have some feedback on which your writing appears like, the individual who testimonials you will not have all the data which you must acquire an excellent first draft. Then you might want to consider working with a gaggle of article writers somewhat than hiring one should you're on a budget. Proofreading your essay is displaying respect for your reader, so don't neglect this essential stage. The good news is that there are many apps and companies that can help you with this necessary task, similar to, for example, Grammarly and Hemingway. It’d be greatest should you moved into a faculty the place you knew that the trainer they usually’ve received expertise in non-public research and such. In case you haven’t been at school for lengthy, you may need to take a look at having a ghostwriter or perhaps a writer. Translation software isn't but at the stage where the sentences come across very coherent; the grammar is usually still questionable. Also, when writing a paragraph, the way one thing consists in a second language just isn't the same as the best way it will be in English. For this cause, we don’t require college students to enroll or register on our website to entry accomplished assignments for inspiration. In such conditions, an identical assignment could offer you an idea of tips on how to go about it. We give you a chance to view an obtainable completed paper that is just like the one you’re engaged on at no cost. And the half is that you get entry to the entire document so as to end writing your assignment with ease. Our database is chock stuffed with examples of educational assignments on multiple topics.

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Essay Writing Services Uncovered

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Ethics, Sustainability and CSR - Free Essay Example

The article by Julia Wolf on stakeholder pressure includes the relationship between supply chain management, and sustainable corporate performance takes a critical look at the Nestle campaign about these factors. The article looks at supply chain management and the extent of outside forces in this area. The article also discusses the relationship between the control of a supply chain and perception of stakeholders towards an organization. The article points out the means through which stakeholders pressure and supply chain management contribute towards the creation of a maintainable performance (Wolf, 2013). The main theories that are covered in the paper include the hypothesis theory. According to this theory. A sustainable corporate system is made up of three aspects. The three elements include environmental, social and economic factors. The paper, however, emphasizes economic factors as it is the research gap that the writer identified (Wolf, 2013). The case study between Greenpeace and Nestle is used to explain this theory. Stakeholder uses different strategies to influence sustainable performance. In a case where stakeholders stop buying a product, the organization cannot maintain its performance (Wolf, 2013). The first hypothesis claims that supply chain management and stakeholder pressure both affect performance sustainability differently although both have a positive effect. When stakeholder pressure is high, the organization has to improve supply chain management to incorporate these needs (Wolf, 2013). The second hypothesis expounds on how stakeholder pressure determines supply chain management and performance sustainability. The article provides a chart explaining the relation between production sustainability, stakeholder pressure and supply chain management (Wolf, 2013). The third hypothesis is used to determine the level of sustainability in supply chain management and its effect on corporate performance sustainability. These theories are used as a presentation of how corporate performance sustainability, stakeholder pressure, and supply chain management interact (Wolf, 2013). The method used to prepare this article is through review of 1,621organisations spread along 32 regions globally. The organizations provided their CSP profile for analysis which helped in determining of the organizations sustainalytics database (Wolf, 2013). Dependence theory is also used in the article as a fundamental theory to explain the relationship between the three areas of focus. Dependency theory goes hand in hand with the proactive approach to supply chain management. Green procurement is depicted as the best way to ensure that the resources are available for longer ensuring sustainability of performance (Wolf, 2013). An excellent example provided for this area is Wal-marts decision to buy fish only from suppliers who were licensed by the Marine Stewardship Council. However, stakeholders’ pressure is challenging to incorporate in this case because the preferences of stakeholders differ and are even conflicting in some areas (Wolf, 2013). In general, the journal is used to challenge the theory that supply chain management is dictated by stakeholder pressure. The case scenario between Nestle and Greenpeace points out ways in which organizations react to outside pressure whether it is from government restrictions or nongovernment organizations (Wolf, 2013). It also shows the extent to which the outside factors influence supply chain management. Reduction in the level of stakeholder pressure is shown to have a positive effect in supply chain management. Supply chain management has also been examined concerning an organizations financial performance. The research looks into both social and economic factor and their implications on supply chain management. Sustainable performance is also discussed in details concluding that supply chain management affects the sustainability of production in an organization. Going green in the administration of the supply chain is presented as a solution to ensure organizations have sustainable performance.

Campaign Finance Reform Should Be Restricted And Monitored

In American society, campaign finance reform is continuously a topic of discussion. This year’s 2016 election will be the most expensive campaign with presidential candidates Donald Trump and Hilary Clinton is running for office. By this coming November, campaign spending for all candidates spending for all candidates who ran in this year’s election will be an estimated total of 4.4 billion dollars (â€Å"Do We Really Need†). For campaign finance to experience reform, we must first acknowledge that the current system is broken. Campaign finance should be restricted and monitored, laws can create more incentive for candidates to disclose political spending. Disclosing Political spending helps voters make informed decisions at the ballot box, and fosters trust in the political process (â€Å"Do We Really Need†). States regulate campaign finance in three ways by disclosure and reporting requirements, setting contribution limits to candidate campaign, and by p roviding a method for public financing of elections. Candidates who run for Federal Office as President of the United States, Vice President, and Senator or House of Representatives have the responsibility to contact the Federal Election Commission to obtain forms and information regarding Federal Campaign requirements and filing deadlines (De Gruyter). States use public financing of elections is by providing means by which candidates can accept public funds to conduct their campaign. If a candidate takes into this program makingShow MoreRelatedEssay on Gun Control in Canada2093 Words   |  9 Pagesunder 16 years old. Government finally recognized that children should not have possession of a firearm. Until 1934 firearm registration was rarely an enforced offence. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police kept records of those purchasing firearms. Handguns had to be re-registered every five years starting in 1939. It also became an offence to alter the serial numbers on guns as records were kept and gun transactions were being monitored. 1951 was the next step in gun control legislation having automaticRead More Jfk: Was His Assassination Inevitable? Essay2409 Words   |  10 Pagesperpetrated by one man. This could not be farther from the truth. Instead, it was the result of a complex combination of domestic and foreign events. When President Kennedy was in office, he had to deal with many issues, ranging from business and finance to crime-fighting and war issues. Perhaps it is not as important to decide who it was that killed him, but why. President Kennedys decisions and courses of action were not popular with everybody, and thus it is not surprising that his assassinationRead MoreOverview of College Access Foundation of California5151 Words   |  21 Pagesuntil 1993 when Generally Acceptable Accounting Principles issued SFAS 116, and 117 for applicability in nonprofit financial statements. The applicability of SFAS 116 effected recording of pledges and receipt of pledges. The SFAS 117 affected the restricted income recordings (Wells). The NGO follows Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)as standard practices for their accounting and reporting systems. The clear identification of the subsequent events is also followed according to the GenerallyRead More Save Our Children Organization Essay3572 Words   |  15 Pagesstrategies for preventing obesity are healthy eating behaviors, regular physical activity, and reduced sedentary activity such as watching television and playing video games† (www.health.state.ny.us). For most children depending on their age, the focus should be on maintaining their current weight while a child grows normally in height. â€Å"Weight loss is not a good approach for most young children, since their bodies are still growing and developing† (www.health.state.ny.us). SOC will have various activitiesRead MoreChallenges for Urban Local Governments in India46115 Words   |  185 Pagesor by any means without the prior permission in writing of the publisher nor be issued to the public or circulated in any form other than that in which it is published. 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Despite witnessing substantial progress in financial sector reforms in India, it is disheartening to note that nearly half of the rural households even today do not have any access to any source of funds- institutional or otherwiseRead MoreMarketing Techniques19765 Words   |  80 Pagesfor leadership, as well as for strategy and marketing.) Below is a simple template for checking that you have the foundations and building blocks in place. If not, then decide (as far as you can, because it s generally the CEO s call) what they should be, because all good marketing plans need to have solid foundations first. As regards the fundamental philosophical aspects see the section on ethical organisations and corporate responsibility. This is deeper than tools and processes and missionRead MoreAgency Theory Essay 329591 Words   |  119 Pagesmanuscript, we have not directly represented all of the work contributing to the ubiquity and influence of agency theory. We apologize, too, that we have often sacrificed detail, along with some texture, as we focus largely on the more recent work. We should 4 †¢ The Academy of Management Annals also note that our review is largely U.S. centric, as the vast majority of relevant work on agency theory has that character. That said, in subsequent sections, we do address some adverse implications ofthatRead MoreeCommerce Developments and Themes10793 Words   |  44 Pages$125 billion in financial capital The Visions and Forces computer scientists economists entrepreneurs financial backers and marketing professionals †¢ A vindication of the vision of a universal communications and computing environment †¢ Internet should not be controlled by government †¢ remain free for all †¢ perfect Bertrand market †¢ friction-free commerce †¢ low transaction costs †¢ low search costs †¢ price transparency †¢ low menu costs †¢ dynamic pricing †¢ disintermediation †¢ eliminationRead MoreInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  160 Pagespower. However, de facto political power occasionally creates changes in political institutions. While these changes are sometimes discontinuous, for example when an imbalance of power leads to a revolution or the threat of revolution leads to major reforms in political institutions, often they simply inï ¬â€šuence the way existing political institutions function, for example, whether the rules laid down in a particular constitution are respected as in most functioning democracies, or ignored as in currentday

Readings in Accounting for Management Control

Question: Discuss about the Readings in Accounting for Management Control. Answer: Introduction: One of the popular and effective overhead calculation method is the Activity Based Costing. This system of costing works best in the complex environments. The manufacturing overhead is allocated to different product lines in a manner which is more logical. Costs are classified under the various specific activities and then the costs are allocated to the products in proportion to the activities with which the products are connected (Otley and Emmanuel 2013). Benefits of Activity Based costing system: Accurate product cost- the determination of the product cost comes with the accuracy and reliability using this system. More realistic products cost are provided as the system recognizes the activities causing the cost and does not consider the product which consumes activities (Kaplan and Atkinson 2015). Selling price properly computed- the selling price is very difficult to be determined in the event of multi-products because there are many common overhead cost present. ABC system makes the allocation of such overhead costs easily in accurate proportions and assist in the computation of selling price. Better decision making- Since the system uses more reliable data of the product costs; the decision making of the manager is improved. Cost reduction and use of excess capacity- ABC involves the process of collecting of the activity costs and the cost component are also identified. It involves the recognition of the spare capacity and fosters the cost reduction by making comparison with the resources available. This helps in the development of the activity based budgeting, where the resource relationship are identified for projecting the resource requirement of the future projects. Reference: Kaplan, R.S. and Atkinson, A.A., 2015.Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Otley, D. and Emmanuel, K.M.C., 2013.Readings in accounting for management control. Springer.

Making Solar Energy More Affordable

The use of solar energy can be critical for environmental and economic sustainability of many communities that can be located in different regions of the world. Moreover, the adoption of this approach can make societies less dependent on natural resources such as oil and coal that can eventually become depleted. At present, the main objective is to make solar energy technologies more affordable.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Making Solar Energy More Affordable specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Their price should reflect the purchasing power of contemporary buyers who want to make sure that their investment will break in the future. In many cases, some of these consumers believe that it is not reasonable to buy such products. To a great extent, this task is related to the work of engineers, since these professionals can make technologies more energy-efficient. Moreover, they should find solutions that ca n reduce the cost of manufacturing such products. For instance, they can select the materials that can be viewed as the best ratio of price and quality. Thus, one can say that these professionals can contribute to the spread of these technologies in various countries. These are some of the main details that should be taken into account. There are several ways of making this technology more affordable. First of all, engineers may need to focus on the process of manufacturing, because high production expenses often make solar energy technologies less affordable [1]. This problem can be partly explained by the need to use very expensive materials through which the electric charge travels. However, there are some alternative solutions. For instance, it is possible to construct sells that are composed of tiny cylinders. The main advantage of this approach is that it eliminates the need for high-purity materials that are usually very costly. In turn, the application of tiny cylinders can make solar panels less expensive. This is one of the suggestions that can be made. Apart from that, researchers speak about the use of nano-crystals that can increase the efficiency of solar cells [1]. Therefore, the investment into this technology can be more justified. By adopting this approach, the engineers may not necessarily decrease the cost of such products. However, they can dramatically increase the efficiency of these technologies and their overall value. If this approach is adopted, a greater number of people will be willing to purchase such products. This is one of the details that should be taken into account. Moreover, it is important to speak about the improvement of energy storage devices which are critical for people’s ability to harness solar energy. In particular, one can mention the use of such materials Glauber’s salt and paraffin wax because they are less expensive [2]. This strategy can help manufacturers offer products better correspond to the purchasing power of clients who may have different levels of income. These are some of the recommendations that can be considered.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Overall, this discussion shows that the adoption of solar energy can be made possible provided that engineers find ways of making these technologies more economical. At present, there are materials that can reduce the costs of producing solar energy technologies. Moreover, there are ways of making solar energy technology more efficient. So, they can be of great value to consumers and investors. Finally, engineers can significantly make these technologies more affordable. These are the main arguments that can be put forward. References [1]. C. Zuchora-Walske, Solar Energy. New York: ABDO Publishing Company, 2013. [2]. R. Naggi, Solar Energy and Its Uses. New York: Pinnacle Technology, 2009. This research paper on Making Solar Energy More Affordable was written and submitted by user Kimber Garcia to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

World War Two and the Decline of Europe essays

World War Two and the Decline of Europe essays Europe will never be like America. Europe is a product of history. America is a product of philosophy. Margaret Thatcher (1925 - ) In the year nineteen hundred, the center of world power inarguably resided in Europe. In fact, for many centuries, many European countries were the heads of vast empires, spanning the globe (and reaping her spoils)for, although spread to the ends of the earth, European nations held firm control of their colonial territories (and the wealth they acquired through them), and enjoyed an influence over the majority of the world's population. World War II changed all of that, and would go on to impact the future of the Western world. What took the nations of Europe centuries to acquire through war, conquest, and treaty, proved to topple exponentially faster than its rise, and the close of the Second World War heralded the end of, not only "the age of empires," but of the age of European supremacy in the world. In fact, by the end of 1990, just forty-five years later, Europe would be virtually unrecognizable from its former self. Physically, the Second World War had a staggering effect on the infrastructure of countless cities. From bombed out buildings, to mined fields, to decimated bridges, roads and vital systems, Europe had to Socially, the toll of untold human suffering weighed down an entire generation with its painfor, unlike the vast number of American war dead, the majority of those killed in Europe were civilianmillions of men, women, and childrenlost to the horrors of the holocaust, horrific bombing Economically, the impact of the War on Europe was immense. Before the War, Europe was one of the richest continents on the earth. Aft ...

Operation MARKET GARDEN - September 1944 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

Operation MARKET GARDEN - September 1944 - Essay Example With a lot of American, Commonwealth and British troops stationed in London, the unified Anglo-American command sought to find a way of entering Germany. Some of the Allied leaders believed that the entry into Germany could be done if it was launched from the south of the Europe through Italy into Germany. However, pressures from the bombing of London by periodic German airforce raids over Britain created a case for an urgent action to stop the Germans from bombing London. General Montgomery came under intense pressure by the British government to seek a military intervention across the English channel to mainland Europe. The Americans who overwhelmingly outnumbered the British and Commonwealth troops had command over the joint Allied command. They did not favour the direct invasion of Germany through the northern frontier. They supported an incursion through a weaker point in the German defence lines. With his influence and respect, Montgomery planned an operation meant to lead the Allies to enter German territory. This led to what became know as Operation Market Garden. In the operation, the Allied forces were to seize a series of strategic positions like bridges and cause a number of Allied troops to parachute behind enemy lines to lead to penetration. The plan of the operation was to break the Nazi frontier and liberate the rest of Europe by December 1944. However, due to large scale operational failures and the strong and efficient control of the frontier by the Nazis, the operation failed to live to expectation and it the Allies were forced to use a different approach several months later1. However, the operation came with so many important lessons that are relevant to modern military warfare. It can be applied to numerous situations and can be used to plot several hypothetical cases. The fact that there are numerous approaches and systems to the Operation Market Garden means that it could be evaluated and

Facebook Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Facebook - Essay Example This entails posting or getting the discussion started, and then coordinating the protest march. Getting the discussion started regulates the extremity of the responses, where people share information and knowledge regarding certain issues. Online regulation of information enhances closeness between various groups of people. Users give their comments and ideas regarding an issue if only guided at the beginning; otherwise, the effectiveness may be distorted since different people possess diverse views and objectives in their use of social networking sites (Lee & Ingraffea, 2007). The regular plug is effective in promoting the effective communication for Facebook users. The regular signing in enhances build-up of one community. This also promotes interaction since a person can confirm availability through saying something. Facebook hosts over 800 million users out of which only 50% log on daily. It is critical that people take advantage to interact daily with their community as well as engage their community so as to announce their presence. Authenticity enhances effective communication where a person writes and comments anything without any fear, regardless of the location. The person’s values clearly show up from the posts, and this is critical when posting a link, communicating with a certain group, or when responding to a topic (Lee & Ingraffea, 2007). Brevity is critical in order to keep ones words concise and to the point. Brevity forms a vital component of the social media literacy. Research by Buddy Media indicates that Facebook posts with over 80 characters possess 27% change of engagement. Research indicates that people often get tired after the first minute of reading. Consideration of Facebook as a public space is critical where a person should not comment on anything he or she cannot say in public, and people should be positive when using the social networking site. Every person may have unpleasant experiences; however, this should not

Historical Critical Perspective on the Life and Works of Langston Hughes Essay Example for Free

Historical Critical Perspective on the Life and Works of Langston Hughes Essay The paper will focus on criticizing the works of Langston Hughes in the basis of his life and influence of his surroundings. The historical perspectives will be the basis of criticizing his works. How the political and social aspects did influenced him to create his poetries. The life and works of Hughes in response to his adamant life will be discussed critically in this paper. Langston Hughes Life Born at Mississippi in 1902, Langston was the son of both African American citizens. In his growth, his environment was stained with racial discrimination issues which were instigated by his grandmother and the environment he lived. This rooted in writing about social issues which is mostly the topics of his writings. His greatest achievement was that he was the first Black American who was considered with racial consciousness to make a living by writing (Leach 14). He received many awards regarding his writings as he is a well-known figure in the society, a leading literalist in the Harlem Renaissance and critique of racism. His works includes the book of poetry which is The Weary Blues published in 1926. He was famous in playwright and musical dramas which were used in his time. Three of his famous works will be summarized and the influence of his works will be discussed.  · The Black Nativity (1921) – this is a collection of gospel songs which must be presented by black people. This means the character within the gospel about the birth of Christ is portrayed by African Americans.   It was played in Chicago and became a big hit in its time. The play was made from the influence of racism in the state. Langston created a new image of nativity when he arranged it to be played by Black people. This had become controversial but still became popular because of its uniqueness in approach.  · Not with Laughter (1920) – is a novel which depicts the black life in a town of Kansas. The work shows the character’s life on his dealings with tragedies and peaceful life in the town.  · The Weary Blues (1926) – this is collection of poetry blues by Hughes. The blues poem shows the nature toward affirmation and self negotiation, both consolatory mourning and melancholia (Ramazani 144). His works shows the life of black people in his time mixed with fictitious plots and heartwarming ideas in his works. The people view his works as inspirational and influences the way people view on the black people. The Harlem Renaissance is described as a period wherein racial criticism is intense wherein the blacks challenge the white racism by producing African Americans good in various field. This inspired Hughes to continue his endeavor towards writing his own poetry. Criticisms on his works At present, his works can be seen as not to promote racism but to see how Blacks and Whites have the same talents and ideals. The thorough examination of his works shows how he gave the tragedies on the life of blacks but then provide the positive side of it. His renowned play which is the Black Nativity showed a different approach in the way people think about gospel plays. The new approach was criticized but then, the issue of equality in religion beyond racial boundaries prevailed. His works became useful in the development of African American literature and continues evolvement of the discipline. His experience and his thoughts influenced the society through his writings. He’s well known works influenced the culture and life of the people in his time and the present.

MapBot : An experiment in robotic mapping :: Robotics

Includes Source Code MapBot : An experiment in robotic mapping Abstract: Today Robots are often used to explore dangerous places where humans cannot go. However, what if there was a more easily available robot that could be used to explore places here on earth? This project is an attempt to build a very simple version of such a robot: a robot that follows a line, then creates a graph of the line on a computer. Exercises I did early in COSMOS gave me the backing I needed to attempt such an undertaking. I used basic line-following programs as the base, with a recording element thrown in. A C program was written to run on the computer and turn the data the robot collects into a graph. It took a lot of tweaking, but eventually I got a decently accurate representation of the line. Sadly, MapBot 2 though, I learned that if I want to graph another line, I would have to change the program all over again. With a little more work, I believe I could fix that, and the other problems plaguing this program as it stands. Also, I still believe that a personal MapBot is a viable idea, though I learned that it would require a lot of work. MapBot 3 Background/Purpose: There has always been a human drive to explore, to find out more about the world. Columbus sailed to America, and Cook to Australia, each driven by the promise of new uncharted territory. Recently this task of exploring new frontiers has been turned over to robots, as robots can explore locales that humans cannot. Robots have explored volcanoes, the planets in our solar system, and the deep sea—locations no person could survive. So far robots have been limited to exploring just such locations, those available exclusively to them, but I believe that there are earthly applications for exploring robots. Imagine, if you will, an inexpensive mapping robot. It operates very simply: simply set it down somewhere in the desired area, give it a set of bounds, and leave. The robot will send live data from the terrain to the user, creating a realtime map of the area. This map will be based on whatever data the robots sensors have collected; with add-ons, this could be anything from soil composition to topographic data. And when mapping is complete, the user simply returns to the robot and picks it up. Such a robot would be useful to many professions. Cartographers could create online maps that changed as the planet did. Field scientists could use them to take readings over a large swathe of terrain without taking any of their own time. With a camera attached, they could make a 3-dimensional

Republic of South Africa Essay

South Africa contains some of the oldest archaeological sites in the world.[19][20][21] Extensive fossil remains at the Sterkfontein, Kromdraai and Makapansgat caves suggest that various australopithecines existed in South Africa from about three million years ago.[22] These were succeeded by various species of Homo, including Homo habilis, Homo erectus and modern humans, Homo sapiens. Settlements of Bantu-speaking peoples, who were iron-using agriculturists and herdsmen, were already present south of the Limpopo River by the fourth or fifth century CE. (see Bantu expansion). They displaced, conquered and absorbed the original Khoisan speakers. The Bantu slowly moved south. The earliest ironworks in modern-day KwaZulu-Natal Province are believed to date from around 1050. The southernmost group was the Xhosa people, whose language incorporates certain linguistic traits from the earlier Khoisan people. The Xhosa reached the Great Fish River, in today’s Eastern Cape Province. As they migrated, these larger Iron Age populations displaced or assimilated earlier peoples, who often had hunter-gatherer societies.[citation needed] Republic of South Africa (1961–present) In 1487, the Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias became the first European to reach the southernmost point of Africa. Initially named the Cape of Storms, The King of Portugal, John II, renamed it the Cabo da Boa Esperanà §a or Cape of Good Hope, as it led to the riches of India. Dias’ great feat of navigation was later immortalised in Camà µes’ epic Portuguese poem, The Lusiads (1572). In 1652, Jan van Riebeeck established a refreshment station at the Cape of Good Hope on behalf of the Dutch East India Company. The Dutch transported slaves from Indonesia, Madagascar, and India as labour for the colonists in Cape Town. As they expanded east, the Dutch settlers met the south-westerly expanding Xhosa people in the region of the Fish River. A series of wars, called the Cape Frontier Wars, ensued, mainly caused by conflicting land and livestock interests. Great Britain took over the Cape of Good Hope area in 1795, ostensibly to stop it from falling under Revolutionary French control. Given its standing interests in Australia and India, Great Britain wanted to use Cape Town as an interim port for its merchants’ long voyages. The British returned Cape Town to the Dutch in 1803, but soon afterwards the Dutch East India Company declared bankruptcy. The British annexed the Cape Colony in 1806. The British continued the frontier wars against the Xhosa, pushing the eastern frontier eastward through a line of forts established along the Fish River. They consolidated the territory by encouraging British settlement. Due to pressure of abolitionist societies in Britain, the British parliament first stopped its global slave trade with the passage of the Slave Trade Act 1807, then abolished slavery in all its colonies with the Slavery Abolition Act 1833. Boers in combat (1881)In the first two decades of the 19th century, the Zulu people grew in power and expanded their territory under their leader, Shaka.[23] Shaka’s depredations led indirectly to the Mfecane (â€Å"Crushing†) that devastated the inland plateau in the early 1820s.[24] An offshoot of the Zulu, the Matabele, created an even larger empire under their king Mzilikazi, including large parts of the highveld. During the 1830s, approximately 12,000 Boers (later known as Voortrekkers), departed from the Cape Colony, where they had been subjected to British control. They migrated to the future Natal, Orange Free State and Transvaal regions. The Boers founded the Boer Republics: the South African Republic (now Gauteng, Limpopo, Mpumalanga and North West provinces) and the Orange Free State (Free State). The discovery of diamonds in 1867 and gold in 1884 in the interior encouraged economic growth and immigration. This intensified the European-South African subjugation of the indigenous people. The struggle to control these important economic resources was a factor between Europeans and the indigenous population, and also between the Boers and the British.[25] The Boer Republics successfully resisted British encroachments during the First Boer War (1880–1881) using guerrilla warfare tactics, which were well suited to local conditions. However, the British returned with greater numbers, more experience, and more suitable tactics in the Second Boer War (1899–1902), which was won by the British. 20th century After four years of negotiating, the Union of South Africa was created from the Cape and Natal colonies, as well as the republics of Orange Free State and Transvaal, on 31 May 1910, exactly eight years after the end of the Second Boer War. The newly created Union of South Africa was a dominion of Great Britain. The Natives’ Land Act of 1913 severely restricted the ownership of land by ‘blacks’; at that stage they had control of a mere 7% of the country. The amount of land reserved for indigenous peoples was later marginally increased.[26] In 1931 the union was effectively granted independence from the United Kingdom with the passage of the Statute of Westminster. In 1934, the South African Party and National Party merged to form the United Party, seeking reconciliation between Afrikaners and English-speaking â€Å"Whites†. In 1939 the party split over the entry of the Union into World War II as an ally of the United Kingdom, a move which the National Party followers strongly opposed. â€Å"For use by white persons† – sign from the apartheid eraIn 1948, the National Party was elected to power. It intensified the implementation of racial segregation begun under Dutch and British colonial rule, and subsequent South African governments since the Union was formed. The Nationalist Government systematised existing segregationist laws, classifying all peoples into three races, developing rights and limitations for each, such as pass laws and residential restrictions. The white minority controlled the vastly larger black majority. The system of segregation became known collectively as apartheid. While the White minority enjoyed the highest standard of living in all of Africa, often comparable to First World western nations, the Black majority remained disadvantaged by almost every standard, including income, education, housing, and life expectancy. On 31 May 1961, following a whites-only referendum, the country became a republic and left the Commonwealth. Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be head of state, and the last Governor-General became State President. Apartheid became increasingly controversial, leading to widespread international sanctions, divestment and growing unrest and oppression within South Africa. A long period of harsh suppression by the government, and at times violent resistance, strikes, marches, protests, and sabotage by bombing and other means, by various anti-apartheid movements, most notably the African National Congress (ANC), followed. In the late 1970s, South Africa began a programme of nuclear weapons development. In the following decade, it produced six deliverable nuclear weapons. The Mahlabatini Declaration of Faith, signed by Mangosuthu Buthelezi and Harry Schwarz in 1974, enshrined the principles of peaceful transition of power and equality for all, the first of such agreements by acknowledged black and white political leaders in South Africa, which would ultimately end with the negotiations between F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela in 1993. In 1990 the National Party government took the first step towards dismantling discrimination when it lifted the ban on the African National Congress and other political organisations. It released Nelson Mandela from prison after twenty-seven years’ incarceration on a sabotage sentence. A negotiation process known as the Convention for a Democratic South Africa was started. The government repealed apartheid legislation. South Africa destroyed its nuclear arsenal and acceded to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. South Africa held its first multi-racial elections in 1994, which the ANC won by an overwhelming majority. It has been in power ever since. In post-apartheid South Africa, unemployment has been extremely high. While many blacks have risen to middle or upper classes, the overall unemployment rate of blacks worsened between 1994 and 2003.[27] Poverty among whites, previously rare, increased.[28] While some have attributed this partly to the legacy of the apartheid system, increasingly many attribute it to the failure of the current government’s policies. In addition, the current government has struggled to achieve the monetary and fiscal discipline to ensure both redistribution of wealth and economic growth. Since the ANC-led government took power, the United Nations Human Development Index of South Africa has fallen, while it was steadily rising until the mid-1990s.[29] Some of this could possibly be attributed to the AIDS pandemic and the failure of the government to take steps to address it.[30] Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (Xhosa pronunciation: [xoˈliÉ ¬aÉ ¬a manˈdeË la];), born 18 July 1918, [1] served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, the first South-African president to be elected in a fully representative democratic election. Before his presidency, Mandela was an anti-apartheid activist, and the leader of the African National Congress’s armed wing Umkhonto we Sizwe. The South African courts convicted him on charges of sabotage, as well as other crimes committed while he led the movement against apartheid. In accordance with his conviction’s sentence, Mandela served 27 years in prison, spending many of these years on Robben Island. Following his release from prison on 11 February 1990, Mandela supported reconciliation and negotiation, and helped lead the transition towards multi-racial democracy in South Africa. Since the end of apartheid, many have frequently praised Mandela, including former opponents. In South Africa he is often known as Madiba, an honorary title adopted by elders of Mandela’s clan. The title has come to be synonymous with Nelson Mandela. Mandela has received more than 250 awards over four decades, most notably the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize. In November 2009, the United Nations General Assembly announced that Mandela’s birthday, 18 July, is to be known as ‘Mandela Day’ to mark his contribution to world freedom.[2] Apartheid (Afrikaans pronunciation: [É Ã‹Ë†pÉ rtÉ ¦Ã‰â„¢it], separateness) was a system of legal racial segregation enforced by the National Party government in South Africa between 1948 and 1994, under which the rights of the majority black inhabitants of South Africa were curtailed and minority rule by whites was maintained. Racial segregation in South Africa began in colonial times, but apartheid as an official policy was introduced following the general election of 1948. New legislation classified inhabitants into racial groups (â€Å"black†, â€Å"white†, â€Å"coloured†, and â€Å"Yellow†), and residential areas were segregated by means of forced removals. From 1958, Blacks were deprived of their citizenship, legally becoming citizens of one of ten tribally based self-governing homelands called bantustans, four of which became nominally independent states. The government segregated education, medical care, and other public services, and provided black people with services inferior to those of whites. Apartheid sparked significant internal resistance and violence as well as a long trade embargo against South Africa.[1] A series of popular uprisings and protests were met with the banning of opposition and imprisoning of anti-apartheid leaders. As unrest spread and became more violent, state organizations responded with increasing repression and state-sponsored violence. Reforms to apartheid in the 1980s failed to quell the mounting opposition, and in 1990 President Frederik Willem de Klerk began negotiations to end apartheid, culminating in multi-racial democratic elections in 1994, which were won by the African National Congress under Nelson Mandela. The vestiges of apartheid still shape South African politics and society.[2] After decades in a Robben Island prison, Nelson Mandela (Morgan Freeman) is released in 1990 and works immediately to bring about the end of apartheid and the initiation of full democratic elections where the black majority population can vote. Mandela wins the race for President of South Africa and takes office in 1994. His immediate challenge is â€Å"balancing black aspirations with white fears.† The country’s still-present racial tensions are shown, in part, through Mandela’s security team, which is composed both of new black and old white officials. The black and white groups are immediately hostile to one another despite sharing the same job and goal. While Mandela attempts to tackle the country’s largest problems – including crime and unemployment – he attends a game of the Springboks, the country’s rugby union team. Non-whites in the stadium cheer against their home squad, as the Springboks (their history, players and even their colours) represent prejudice and apartheid in their mind. Knowing that South Africa is set to host the 1995 Rugby World Cup in one year’s time, Mandela convinces the South African rugby board to keep the Springbok team, name and colours the same. He then meets with the Springboks’ captain Franà §ois Pienaar (Matt Damon). Though Mandela never verbalizes his true meaning during their meeting, Pienaar understands the message below the surface: if the Springboks can gain the support of non-white South Africans and succeed in the upcoming World Cup, the country will be unified and inspired. Mandela also shares with Pienaar that a poem, Invictus, had been inspiring to him during his time in prison, helping him to â€Å"stand when all he wanted to do was lie down†. Pienaar and his teammates train, but the players (all but one are white) voice disapproval that they are to be envoys to the poor and public – fearing exhaustion from overwork. Mandela, too, hears disapproval from friends and family. Many more, both white and non-white citizens and politicians, began to express doubts on using sport to unite a nation torn apart by some 50 years of racial tensions. For many non-white, especially the radicals, the Springboks symbolised white supremacy and they did not want to support their national team. As the tournament approaches, Mandela collapses from exhaustion and the Springboks’ only non-white player, Chester Williams, is sidelined with a pulled hamstring. Things begin to change, however, as the players went around interacting with the locals. During the opening games, support for the Springboks begins to grow amongst the non-white population. By the second game Williams is fit once again. Citizens of all races turn out in numbers to show their unanimous support for the Springboks. At the suggestion of several security guards, Mandela decides to sport a Springbok jersey with Pienaar’s number 6 on it to show his support and his name is chanted repeatedly by the home crowd during his entrance, a contrast to a previous rugby match scene, in which Mandela is booed by some of the whites in the crowd. As momentum builds, even the security team members become at ease with each other and the black members who disliked rugby eventually began to enthusiastically support their national team alongside their white colleagues. The Springboks, possessing a sub-par record, were not expected to go very far and are expected to lose in the quarterfinals. They surpass all expectations and make the final, only to face the New Zealand rugby team – called the All Blacks – the most successful rugby team in the world, the favourites to win the World Cup and historically the Springboks’ greatest rivals. Roared on by a large home crowd of both whites and non-white, Pienaar motivates his team to overcome their doubts and push their bodies to the limits. After ending in a tie, the game goes into extra time, where the Springboks win on a long drop kick from fly-half Joel Stransky (Scott Eastwood) and a score of 15-12. Mandela and Pienaar meet on the field together to celebrate the improbable victory amidst a crowd of some 62,000 fans—of all races. Once there, Mandela thanks Pienaar for his service to the nation, but Pienaar insists the President that he deserves the real thanks. In one particular scene, some white police officers celebrate by hoisting a young black boy, who had been lingering near their vehicle to listen to the radio broadcast of the game, onto their shoulders.

Sales and Bob Marsh - 1189 Words

http://www.slideshare.net/mkdas_ongc/group-7-sdm-kramer-pharmaceuticals * 1. Case Study Kramer Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Presented by Debi Prasad Bagria Kishor Chandwani Nandini Mudgil Mrinmoy Kanti Das Rahul Agarwal Ritesh Kumar Singh * 2. Case Background Company : Kramer Pharmaceuticals, Inc Business : Pharmaceuticals (Manufacturer of Prescription Drugs) Country : U.S. Year : 1978 Competitors: Abbott, Lilly, Merck, Upjohn amp; Schering * 3. Case Background Bob Marsh, a former detailer, worked at Kramer Pharmaceutical for 12 years and was considered a hard working, well established detailer (product specialist and sales associate). He possessed excellent references and credentials. Bob was fired because of failure to comply with†¦show more content†¦* 13. Bob Marsh – Performance over the years Rehabilitation blueprint of Marsh by Franlin amp; new Zone Manager Pete Mallick – Weekly reports, reading assignments, questionnaire forms. July’78 – At age 44 years, Marsh asked to resign which he accepted without resistance or comment ’ 78 Tom Franklin (Young – one year supervisory experience) No salary increase in Jan’78 But Probation status evaporated by default Sept’76 to ’78 Tom Wilkens (Background comparable to Reed) In ’77 : Initially recommended for salary hike, but later rated Complete unsatisfactory : Again put on probation of 90 days Aug’76 to Sept’77 Vince Reed (Young, Competent Detailer amp; Promising Manager - 1 st supervisory experience) No Salary Increase in Jan’75 : Put on probation of 90 days Probation removed : Performance found Satisfactory In Jan’76 : Salary Increased to $25k Sept’74 to Aug’76 Jim Rathbun (Bright, young, energetic with many new ideas) In ’71 – 73 : Performance Rating Satisfactory In ’74 : Performance : Well above average Attitude : Well above average March’71 to Sept’74 Bill Couch Ex perienced amp; Highly regarded supervisor) in ’67 amp; ’68 Work Performance : Below Standard Attitude : Standard In ’69 : Overall performance : Standard In ’70 : Rated Completely satisfactory From ‘66 to March’71 John Meredith (Took entry interview of Bob, highly recommended him) Observations Period Supervisor * 14. Bob Marsh – In the eyes of Supervisors Quickly grasped allShow MoreRelatedCooper Pharmaceuticals Case Analysis1660 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis On the surface, the issue of Bob Marsh’s firing from Cooper Pharmaceuticals appears to be an open and shut case; he did not adhere to the repeated warnings by management to alter his performance and selling style, therefore he was fired. However, other considerations are in play when you analyze this case further. Bob was an employee of Cooper for twelve years at the time of his termination, and had seemingly improved his performance when prompted to do so. 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